• NPR Flu Map — After March 31, the embed code will remain active but the NPR flu map will no longer be updated. We recommend stations make arrangements to remove this map from their website in the coming weeks.
• H1N1 Public Media Widget — During the month of April, this widget will continue to scrape public media sources for news stories related to H1N1. On May 1, 2010, NPR will shut off the Daylife feed that powers the widget. Stations should make arrangements to remove this widget from their website in the coming weeks.
• Yahoo Pipes Widgets — FluPortal created a number of widgets by inputting H1N1 related RSS feeds through Yahoo Pipes. After March 31, the widgets will no longer be supported. These widgets will remain active until May 1. Stations should make arrangements to remove them from their website in the coming weeks. Learn how to create similar widgets for your site in our guide to using Yahoo Pipes.

Please contact us if you have any questions or concerns.

I like to think that I’m in the same boat as a lot of public media web managers — I’m not a programmer by training. Sure, I’ve learned a good bit about coding over the years, but by no means am I the guy in the movie who hacks into the Pentagon’s mainframe. There are many stations in the public media system with someone just like me at the helm of the website — someone who wears more than one hat at the station (how about Web Manager/Morning Edition host). So nine months ago, when we were tasked with developing a web presence for this project, I often reminded myself to keep that type of station in mind.

In my section of the FluPortal final report, I detail how we approached the task of building and maintaining this website and shaped the project’s digital strategy.  As we prepare to wrap up the project next week, I wanted to take a moment to discuss one aspect of my work that may, hopefully, spark some further discussion about the evolution of the public media system’s online presence.

One of my responsibilities on the project was to curate the selection of web tools available on our For Station Sites page. As I approached the task, I wanted to offer an abundance of easy-to-use embeddable media —  items like widgets and maps, badges and news feeds that took little time and effort. But I also wanted to encourage web managers to try some new approaches and a few new tools. With this in mind, I included three introductory guides to the NPR API (a powerful tool underutilized by too many stations), the Twitter API, and Yahoo Pipes. Most everyone coming to this website has heard of these tools, but I know what it’s like to oversee a station website and how day-to-day demands and deadlines too often interfere with opportunities for experimentation. We knew many stations were planning to update their websites with H1N1 pandemic information and I thought this could provide a good excuse for web managers to try out a few new tricks.

After the launch of the site, we heard some positive feedback on the guides and decided to expand the roster to include Facebook Connect, CoveritLive, Delicious, and a guide to using social media in editorial coverage. (All the FluPortal guides are collected here.) These guides are in no way meant to be a full user manual on any topic. Instead, I hoped to familiarize stations with the potential that these tools offer, provide some tips on getting started, and include a preliminary set of best practices. While this project has focused on covering H1N1, the hope was that stations would try these tools and then integrate them as a  regular part of their online presence.

I believe the public media system could benefit by building and maintaining a central warehouse of similar guides, best practices, and other resources related to emerging web technologies. While some large-market stations are moving fast to adapt to the digital future, we risk leaving behind large numbers of local stations which lack the resources to stay on the cutting edge. In this tough economic climate, we risk growing into a system of digital haves and have-nots. Providing an online space for public media web managers to learn, share, and experiment would help combat this trend. What are your thoughts? What kind of collaboration and knowledge sharing do you think would prove most helpful for local stations, large and small?

Local governments face many of the same resource limitations that public media outlets do — namely too few web developers and IT infrastructures unable to handle large surges in traffic. The government of Santa Clara County, home to California’s Silicon Valley, ran into trouble with its website when H1N1 first emerged. The County’s website was overwhelmed by visitors searching for swine flu information and it quickly collapsed under the strain. The Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program at Stanford University (the school is located in the County) offered its assistance and helped the County publish its H1N1 pages on the Google Sites platform. Google Sites is basically a hosted wiki that allows users to build websites without any html or coding experience. And with Google’s redundant server infrastructure, sites hosted on the platform should be able to handle any large spikes in traffic.

The new Santa Clara County presence on Google Sites was a stable, straightforward warehouse of H1N1 information, but the default templates provided by Google made it somewhat difficult to navigate. Santa Clara officials and the Stanford team saw a need to create a custom template to meet the needs of communicating large amounts of information and improve the user experience.

The Stanford team contacted Bolt|Peters, a San Francisco design firm, to help construct custom templates to serve the emergency response needs of local governments like Santa Clara County. The results are two Google Sites templates — one for public health scenarios and another for more general emergency needs. You can read about the details and approach that went into the planning of these templates on the Bolt|Peters website.

Google Sites public health template

These templates have been made available for anyone to use on Google Sites. They could be a good option for public media outlets that need to get a site up fast when a crisis hits. It took me less than 5 minutes to launch this test site and place the FluPortal logo in the header. The templates provide a visual layout and page structure as well as plenty of pre-populated content and links that local stations can edit and customize as they see fit.

It must be said that Google Sites has a number of limitations (to name a few: limited html control and no CSS editing), but I am impressed with these emergency templates and by the ability to get a website up and running in a matter of minutes. I’m not entirely convinced that Google Sites can serve as a crisis response platform for public media at large, but the work by Bolt|Peters and the Stanford SIE team highlights important elements of crisis communication and preparedness that we should all be thinking about.

FluPortal will be winding up as an active project at the end of March. So we’ve recently been trying to evaluate what the site has done well and what its shortcomings are — with the idea that FluPortal might be a model for future “crisis portals.” (You could imagine a generic CrisisPortal or something more specific like EarthquakePortal.)

A few days ago, I spoke with Katie Donnelly, Associate Research Director at American University’s Center for Social Media. Donnelly focuses specifically on the intersection of social and public media. She featured FluPortal a couple of weeks ago in a blog post and told me she feels it’s a “really good solid model” for helping pubmedia to report on crises. So I pushed her on what she really thinks — on what constructive criticism she might have.

Donnelly had two main recommendations.

First: She suggested encouraging more direct interaction among stations. This could happen in a forum on the site, for example, or in something like a webinar or an online chat. The idea here, she said, would be to “improve ways for stations to connect with each other” to share ideas about crisis coverage.

FluPortal did experiment early on with a Google Group for just this reason, but very few people signed up. Perhaps it was the wrong technology for convening pubmedia people — or perhaps it indicated that station staff are simply too busy for this sort of thing.

I also mentioned to Donnelly that the FluPortal blog was a possible place for stations to interact (in the comments section). She observed that for some reason pubmedia people very rarely seem to comment on blogs — that blogs probably aren’t the right place to persuade stations to talk to each other.

Second: Donnelly felt that FluPortal is “lacking first-person accounts” about H1N1. She suggested soliciting crowdsourced information and encouraging the general public to tell their swine-flu stories on the site. Donnelly understood that FluPortal is aimed at public media — and not at a general audience — but felt it could be a good place for reporters to make contacts with regular people who are part of the H1N1 story. She acknowledged, however, that any public forum on swine flu would require active moderation to avoid “propagating inaccurate information.”

During the FluPortal project, we’ve searched the blogosphere for good H1N1 stories but haven’t found much that stood out. (Most posts and tweets were of the “I’m on my couch and I feel terrible” variety.) For other types of crises, however — earthquakes or storms, for example — personal narratives offered up online might indeed be more provocative.

What would you add to Donnelly’s critique of FluPortal? And what improvements could you recommend for future crisis-reporting sites modelled on FluPortal? (If you prefer not to comment directly on this post, you can email us!)

Dr. K “Vish” Viswanath
[Viswanath Lab]

One of the speakers, Dr. K “Vish” Viswanath, runs a lab at HSPH dedicated to researching health communication. Viswanath highlighted some particularly difficult aspects of transmitting the H1N1 story:

• Health journalists have to straddle two cultures: the world of medical complexities and uncertainties; and the world of deadlines and commercial pressures.
• “More information does not necessarily mean more communication”: even if scientists and journalists do an exemplary job during a health crisis, the internet makes it impossible to control the spread of misunderstandings and misinformation.

One interesting positive lesson: Viswanath noted that whether or not the subtleties of the H1N1 story were getting through to the public, people seemed to be following recommended behaviour — if it was easy to follow. He tracked sales of hand sanitizer during the pandemic, for example, and saw that they went up significantly:

[Dr. Viswanath, screenshot from lecture on H1N1 communication]

Finally, Viswanath made one more very important point: different social groups — whether based on “class, race, ethnicity, or language” — differ widely in their access to information and where they go to look for it. This “communication inequality” is hugely significant during a public-health crisis.

Not everyone, for example, has equal access to online information — or the skills to learn from it or act on it. As he put it, while “it’s exciting to see social media being exploited [...] not everybody uses the internet.” If media and public-health departments rely too much on the web, he says, this can actually widen disparities in access to reliable information. In a survey done in April 2009, only 19% of people reported getting “the most information” about H1N1 online. The lesson here: local and ethnic news sources in traditional media — whether broadcast or paper — remain critical; it’s not just all about Twitter and Facebook.

I asked Viswanath whether he feels there’s a dearth of experienced health reporters (see this post). He said yes, that because of cuts in journalism, reporters are covering multiple beats and not necessarily able to stay on the health beat over the course of their careers. He hasn’t had a chance, however, to study this in relation to the H1N1 story specifically.

You can learn lots more from Dr. Viswanath in this video of the talk.

WNYC’s audience submitted economic indicators

The first is Crowdsourcing: A Field Guide from WNYC. Crowdsourcing entails soliciting your audience to help collect, curate, and vet information around a specific topic or issue. WNYC has been experimenting with crowdsourcing for the last few years, most notably on the Brian Lehrer Show (recently, the program asked the audience to contribute examples of the recession’s impact for their Uncommon Economic Indicators project). The guide provides case studies on how to implement crowdsourcing at your station, along with tips on where it fits in your existing editorial process and standards. There’s a useful 10 point quick-guide that rounds up the big takeaways from the field guide.

While the recent snowstorms in the Washington DC area don’t reach the crisis threshold, it’s fair to say they had a major impact on the region. The Washington Post is using the Ushahidi platform (which we mentioned in our round-up of responses to the earthquake in Haiti) to map the impact of the storm. The map provides an online tool that allows the audience to highlight locations still buried from the storm — impassable streets and sidewalks, cars buried, and power outages. But they also encourage folks to map opportunities to help in the dig out — snow blowers available or a shovel to share.

Getting to know emerging tools and techniques during more routine scenarios will allow public media outlets to respond more effectively when and if a crisis hits.

WILL (TV and radio) in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, worked closely with local public-health authorities on its H1N1 coverage. It found that this was a very effective way to get the word out during a health crisis. Jack Brighton, who heads up WILL’s new media, explained to me recently how the cooperation evolved.

Back in the spring, Brighton told me, Champaign-Urbana’s healthcare providers and public-health officials began meeting regularly about H1N1. WILL decided to join in and sent staff from TV, radio, and new media to “become part of that conversation.”

One result was a series of PSAs that aired on WILL TV and radio and were featured on WILL’s H1N1 page.

Another outcome was the H1N1 page itself, which, based on anecdotal feedback, was helpful to WILL’s audience. It became the second project on a site called WILL Connect. This site is separate from WILL’s main website, and Brighton explained that it’s “envisioned as a community engagement portal.” It’s a place to do projects, he said, “in partnership with other public-service entities.” (The other WILL Connect project is on the economy.)

Brighton said that the cooperative H1N1 project was a “good model” in a couple of ways. First, it was “really effective in developing relationships with community partners — and in their seeing our value in getting the word out.” Second, working with WILL’s staff helped the other project members spread information more effectively through their own channels. 

Brighton says he “can’t overstate the importance of the relationships built in the process” of the H1N1 collaboration. He feels it set WILL up to “be more effective with other [public-health] projects down the line.” In assessing WILL’s work on H1N1, Brighton is also figuring out possible improvements. WILL’s H1N1 page, for example, didn’t display WILL’s own reporting on the story — something Brighton plans to remedy on future similar Will Connect pages.

Minnesota Public Radio was able, during the height of H1N1’s second wave, to devote one reporter full-time to the story. In FluPortal’s recent webinar, that reporter — Lorna Benson — described how her station has approached swine-flu coverage — and what she’s learned from it. (This is the third excerpt from the webinar; first is here and second is here.)

Benson explained that before H1N1 appeared last April, she happened to attend a weeklong CDC workshop for journalists that included a section on pandemic flu. Once H1N1 struck, she found “that experience was very helpful.” It had introduced her to CDC flu experts, and she had a “good understanding” of how state and federal officials would work together during a flu pandemic (on medical testing, school closings, etc.).

During the summer H1N1 lull, anticipating a bigger outbreak in the autumn, MPR “took some time to sort through [its] pandemic coverage plan.” Benson also attended another CDC briefing — this time focused entirely on pandemic flu. And then a similar Minnesota Department of Health briefing. As a result, she was up-to-date on virus and vaccine details that helped her enormously when H1N1 resurged.

Among other things, Benson used the briefings to create an online swine-flu Q&A — which became one of MPR’s most-viewed web features. It received, Benson said, three to four times more hits than most. One lesson she drew from this and from audience questions during online H1N1 chats: there was a huge appetite for very basic H1N1 information.

Swine flu also taught Benson to stretch herself as a local reporter. She began listening to the CDC’s flu-update conference calls — which was, she said, “the first time that I had done something like that.” Prior to H1N1, she had thought these government calls were mainly for national media, but she learned that they included lots of information relevant to local H1N1 stories. As swine flu has tapered off in the last month or so, Benson has started reporting even farther afield: calling flu experts around the world to investigate the possibility of a third wave of H1N1. In other words: she found that national and international elements were indispensable for the best local reporting on pandemic flu.

To hear more about Benson’s experience reporting on H1N1, click on the “play” button below:

[audio:http://www.fluportal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Webinar2LB.mp3]
[FluPortal]

You can also find links to much of Benson’s H1N1 reporting here. MPR’s H1N1 page is here.

Watch the entire webinar here.

In FluPortal’s latest webinar, NPR Health Editor Joe Neel pulled back the curtain on NPR’s health & science desk to reveal how it has reported on H1N1 — and how it plans to continue in the months ahead. Using social media, he said, has been a lynchpin. There are interesting lessons here for all health/science reporters.

Neel summarized the current global H1N1 situation by showing the graphs and data sources that NPR relies on for its information. He then explained why NPR was ready to cover H1N1 when it emerged in April 2009: the network had been reporting on pandemic flu since the H5N1 bird flu of 2004 and therefore had “amassed a lot of reportorial experience in this area.”

The other significant element that has allowed NPR to cover the story in depth: social media. Specifically, Shots (NPR’s health blog) and Richard Knox’s Twitter stream. Neel explained that through sheer coincidence, he had started a Shots prototype just days before H1N1 emerged last spring. So the health desk was able to “turn on a dime” and get the blog up and running immediately. Why has it been so useful? First, Neel said, there was simply too much news to put on the air; the blog was an additional outlet. Second, the news environment was so competitive that the hour between newscasts seemed an eternity — and the blog allowed the health team to post breaking news immediately. Here’s how Neel summarized the centrality of social media in NPR’s H1N1 coverage:

Our experience with the blog really changed the orientation of the journalists on our desk to see the usefulness of a blog and of social media. Dick Knox has started tweeting and really starting to use it as a journalistic tool as other journalists are doing. It really brought us into this age. It’s one of the most exciting things I’ve seen happen here at NPR.

Neel wrapped up with ideas for future national coverage and for future local coverage (these are screenshots of his webinar slides):

[Joe Neel, FluPortal webinar]

It’s well worth a few minutes to watch Neel’s full presentation:

[FluPortal]

You can see the entire webinar here.

He highlighted our revamped “Reporter & Program Resources” page, where among other things you’ll find our curated list of the best H1N1 news articles; he laid out the new guides to web tools and social media available on our “For Station Websites” page; and he emphasized that we continue to offer H1N1 story angles regularly on our blog.

The new web tools Josh outlined include the Public Media H1N1 Widget. It automatically displays the latest H1N1 reporting from public media, and you can easily customize its size and appearance so that it fits the look of your website.

Josh also explained that you can use many of the tools available on FluPortal in other crisis reporting — or to enhance your coverage of any subject. Learn more in this clip from the webinar:

[FluPortal]

You can watch the full webinar here.